Elementary-Secondary School logic model

Click on any linked activities to view samples of related research evidence. Click on linked outcomes to view sources of data for measuring outcomes and question wording examples to collect your own outcome data. If you're using a mouse, hover over linked items to highlight any evidence related items. Use the entire model as a map for understanding how the work of community development and health organizations collaboratively leads to improved community health.

Inputs

Building materials

Community benefits agreement

Community engagement

Community plans

Contracting and hiring practices that support equity goals

Curriculum

Developer

Evidence-based practice literature

Feasibility study

Health Impact Assessment

Location, site

Sociodemographic data

Source of funds

Staffing

Supplies

Technology

Volunteers

Activities

Afterschool youth programming

Community gardening

Education on nutrition/healthy foods preparation

Employment of high quality, trained teachers

Financing development or rehab of school buildings

Financing for infrastructure that promotes physical activity and mental health (e.g., green space, playground equipment, community recreation facilities, walking path/trails, community gardens, sidewalks, swimming pools)

Health care services (e.g., those delivered by school nurse, child psychologist, social worker, and counselor)

Healthy food distributed at no cost to recipient (e.g. backpack program, food pantry, meal program)

Healthy meals and snacks

Physical education

Safe routes to schools/walking school bus program

Technology-enhanced classrooms

Use of building materials that reduce asthma problems (e.g. wood flooring, washable window treatments, HEPA heating and ventilation system, low VOC and lead-free paints)

Outputs

Afterschool program participants (number of)

Community education participants (number of)

Community garden users (number of)

Dollars invested (amount of)

Jobs created/retained as a result of financing or programming (number of)

Physical education class participants (number of)

Playground equipment/gymnasium swimming pool/basketball court users (number of)

Safe routes to schools/walking school bus program participants (number of)

School buildings financed/ rehabbed (number of)

Students who purchase or receive healthy food (number of)

Students who receive health care services (number of)

Students who receive information on nutrition/healthy food preparation (number of)

Students who receive special education services (number of)

Initial
outcomes

Access to health care increases

Asthma trigger exposure decreases

Enhanced academic instruction

Facilities for out-of-school-time activity increase

Knowledge of nutrition and healthy food preparation increases

Opportunities for physical activity increase

Perceived neighborhood safety increases

Positive attitude towards fruits and vegetables increases

Vehicle miles traveled decreases

Intermediate
outcomes

Asthma problems among children decrease

Cognitive ability of children increases

Consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables increases

Food security increases

Health and well-being self-reports improve

Identification of social, physical, and learning problems occurs earlier

Language and literacy skills improve

Physical activity increases

Reduced sweetened beverage consumption

School attendance increases

Sense of community (social connectedness) increases

Social-emotional skills of children improve

Stress decreases

Ultimate
outcomes

Academic proficiency scores increase

Diabetes rate decreases

Emergency room admissions decrease

Employment rate increases

Employment skills increase

Graduation rate increases

Health disparities decrease

Juvenile crime decreases

Life expectancy increases

Mental health problems decrease

Obesity rate decreases

Pedestrian and cyclist safety increases

Preventable hospitalizations decrease

Property values increase

Teen pregnancy rate decreases

Workforce quality increases

About this logic model

This example logic model provides a menu of typical inputs, activities, outputs, and outcomes for community development and health organizations that work in the Elementary-Secondary School field.

The activities listed in this example logic model link, whenever possible, to examples of research literature providing evidence that a specific activity leads to a health-related outcome included in the logic model. The outcomes link, whenever possible, to measures already collected through existing data sources and to measures that might require users to collect their own data through a survey, or other means. Click on these linked items to view the related evidence or measures.

Influence on social determinants of health:

Through education, elementary and secondary schools have a lifelong influence on employment, income, and other dimensions of well-being.

In addition to providing education, nutrition, and opportunities for physical activity, schools can connect households to needed supports and services.